Horse Chestnuts contain flavonoids, sterols, and tannins. Studies have identified a saponin known as Aescin as the active constituent in horse chestnut extracts, which has been found effective in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins and edema, and can be applied topically or internally. Extracts of the seeds, leaves and bark of the horse chestnut tree have been traditionally used in Europe for vascular degeneration, hemorrhoids, cough, rheumatism, phlebitis, water retention, skin problems and other ailments... Full Text